And here I thought I knew a lot about value-based care. In this health care podcast, I am speaking with Mark Fendrick, MD, who is the director over at the University of Michigan Center for Value-Based Insurance Design. This conversation is for those of you who already know pretty much about value-based care concepts. If you do not, I’d go back and listen to, say, Encore! EP206, with Ashok Subramanian, before this one.
Dr. Fendrick talks in this health care podcast about what it takes for value-based care to happen in the real world. No kidding, it’s about making sure that reimbursement is aligned with good things (no great surprise there). Everybody is always talking about properly aligning provider incentives. And, although often discussed, it really matters.
But two light bulb moments I had in this conversation with Dr. Fendrick:
Here we are at the beginning of the year. How many doctors and nurses, inspired to do the right thing, have told their patients with diabetes, say, to go get an eye exam to check for diabetic retinopathy? No one would disagree that this is definitely a good idea. Diabetic retinopathy causes blindness. But here’s the reality of that conversation. Doc says, “Go get an eye exam.” And patient says, “I can’t. My deductible is huge, and I can’t afford it.” So, the patient doesn’t get the follow-up care and winds up in the hospital or blind. And the doctor gets dinged on his or her quality scores. Suboptimal outcomes all around, I’d say. This also happens on the pharmacy side of the equation, but I think a lot of us are a little bit more familiar with that scenario—like type 1 diabetics who can’t afford to pick up their insulin because of a Medicare Part D or commercial deductible that they haven’t met yet. I just never really connected the dots back to the provider getting black marks because their patient has a benefit design that’s not aligned with the quality measures.
In a majority of benefit designs, consumer price sharing is based not on the value of the service but on how expensive the service just happens to be. Wow! Think about that. So, we’re trying to get our plan members to be consumers and use the power of their wallets to make good health care choices. And what we’re really doing is driving them toward cheap things or no care and discouraging them from indulging—and I say that sarcastically—in expensive things. But the expensive things might be the high-value care, and the relatively cheap things might be crap that’s fully unnecessary or harmful and, over a whole population, adds up to a lot of zeros.
Health care is not like a consumer market where the expensive things are usually a better version of the cheap things. For all you economists out there, you don’t want the demand curve to be elastic when what’s cheap and what’s expensive has no correlation to quality or necessity. Nobody should be super flabbergasted when a $35 cure-all supplement peddled on YouTube makes some random influencer a millionaire. That’s how supply and demand works.
Much to ponder in this episode.
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A. Mark Fendrick, MD, is a professor of internal medicine in the School of Medicine and a professor of health management and policy in the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan. Dr. Fendrick received a bachelor’s degree in economics and chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School. He completed his residency in internal medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program.
Dr. Fendrick conceptualized and coined the term Value-Based Insurance Design (V-BID) and currently directs the V-BID Center at the University of Michigan (vbidcenter.org), the leading advocate for development, implementation, and evaluation of innovative health benefit plans. His research focuses on how clinician payment and consumer engagement initiatives impact access to care, quality of care, and health care costs. Dr. Fendrick has authored over 250 articles and book chapters and has received numerous awards for the creation and implementation of value-based insurance design. His perspective and understanding of clinical and economic issues have fostered collaborations with numerous government agencies, health plans, professional societies, and health care companies.
Dr. Fendrick is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine (formerly IOM), serves on the Medicare Coverage Advisory Committee, and has been invited to present testimony before the US Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions; the US House of Representatives Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health; and the US Senate Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel.
03:53 Is back surgery high-value care?
04:46 If care is patient to patient, how is high-value care decided upon?
05:36 “Flintstones delivery: We have to move from the sledgehammer to the scalpel.”
10:19 “Almost all of the services that we recommend to reduce cost sharing … do not save money.”
11:36 “I didn’t go to medical school to learn how to save people money.”
16:14 “When a patient and their clinician agree … the patient should be able to get that [service] easily, and the clinician should be paid generously.”
17:14 “When patients and providers are aligned, they do much better.”
19:07 What services are deemed high value, and what services should be pre-deductible?
21:04 “Are primary care visits high value? … The answer is, it depends.”
25:13 What are V-BID’s core pillars to address value-based care?
27:24 How does Dr. Fendrick’s method of value-based care and reimbursement actually enable better consumerism?
29:11 What do providers think about changing reimbursement on low-value and high-value care?
30:21 “We have incentives that are run amok.”
31:34 EP176 with Dr. Robert Pearl.
32:12 “It’s all about incentives.”
33:05 “You do have the funding; you just have to have the courage.”